Research Information System
12th WORLD CONGRESS PERINATAL MEDICINE, Madrid, Spain, 3 - 05 November 2015, pp.44
Recent studies about mechanisms controlling intrauterine growth indicated that white adipose tissue is a highly
active endocrine organ, secreting a range of hormones of importance in modulating metabolism, energy
homeostasis and growth, collectively called adipocytokines. Beside well known potent effects of insulin and IGF
system on fetal growth; adipocytokines are also expressed and secreted by placenta and adipocytes and suggested
to incorporate regulation of fetal growth and speculated to have a role in future development of metabolic and
cardivascular disease including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus. We studied
umblical cord insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin and visfatin levels in term SGA, AGA,
LGA, preterm and dichorionic twin newborns, compared levels between groups and correlation analysis was
applied for gestational age, anthropometric measures and for studied parameters. Regression analysis was also
applied. There was no significant difference in insulin levels between groups. IGF-I, IGF-II and leptin levels were
significantly higher in AGA and LGA groups than SGA, preterm and twin groups. LGA group had higher IGF-I
level than AGA group. Adiponectin level was found to be significantly higher in AGA group than preterm group.
In SGA group adiponectin level was similar with AGA and twin groups, higher than preterm group and lower than
LGA group. Adiponectin level in LGA group was also significantly higher than prematur and twin groups. Ghrelin
level in AGA group was higher than twin group. LGA group had significantly higher ghrelin levels than SGA,
preterm and twin groups. Visfatin level in SGA group was significantly higher than AGA and preterm groups and
was similar with LGA and twin groups. In hypogylcemic newborns just insulin was found to be significantly higher
than normoglycemic cases. Birth weight, lenghth, head circumference and ponderal index were all positively
correlated with, IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin. Ponderal index was also weakly positively
correlated with resistin. Regression analysis revealed that IGF-I, leptin and adiponectin affect birth weight. Insulin
was positively correlated with IGF-I, IGF-I was also negatively correlated with resistin. There was positive
correlation between IGF-II, adiponectin and ghrelin. Visfatin and resistin were found to be negatively correlated. It
was concluded that major determinant of fetal glucose metabolism is insulin and fetal growth is regulated primarily
by IGF-I, leptin, adiponectin and complex interaction of IGF-II, ghrelin and other adipocytokines. High visfatin
level in SGA group can be an early prognostic marker of future developing metabolic syndrome.