Evaluating the Effect of Periodontitis History on Marginal Bone Loss in Patients with Dental Implants: 6 - Year Retrospective Study

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of periodontitis history and related factors on peri-implant marginal bone loss(MBL).
Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients enrolled in a regular maintenance program(30 females and 26 males, mean age=49.75), who had 134 implants characterized with bone level, implant-supported fixed restorations with platform- switched conical connection were included. All patients' implant data (implant diameter-length, brand-surface, localization, prosthesis type, and survival time) and demographic variables(age, gender, and periodontal history) were recorded. Patients were classified as Group 1(no history of periodontal disease, n=17 patients/45 implants), Group 2(patients with Stage 1-2 periodontitis, n=19 patients/43 implants) and Group 3(patients with Stage 3-4 periodontitis, n=20 patients/46 implants). On the periapical radiograph obtained at the last follow-up session, peri-implant MBL was measured radiographically from the most coronal point of the implant shoulder to the alveolar bone. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used.

Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of MBL, and it was found that implant data and demographic variables, other than prosthesis type, did not affect MBL. Group 3 mean distal MBL values were highest in the Strauman-SLA group; It was detected as the lowest in the Astra-OsseoSpeedTM group. Higher MBL has been shown in cement-retained implants than screw-retained implants.

Conclusion: The dental implants in the maintenance program included in this study were placed by a periodontology specialist with 14 years of experience at the university. Therefore, a relationship between a periodontitis history and peri-implantitis may not have been demonstrated. Further studies are needed