Fungal Infections Resulting From Prolonged Use of Personal Protective Equipment

Aydin E., PERÇİN RENDERS D., Utku S. A., BERİKTEN D.

Current Microbiology, vol.82, no.6, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 82 Issue: 6
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s00284-025-04227-9
  • Journal Name: Current Microbiology
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database
  • Kütahya Health Sciences University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study is the first to investigate fungal infections resulting from prolonged use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among healthcare workers at Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aimed to isolate, molecularly type, and assess the antifungal susceptibility of superficial fungal infection agents associated with PPE use. Additionally, the relationship between these fungi and PPE use was evaluated through a questionnaire. Samples were collected from 100 healthcare workers experiencing skin issues. Among them, all N95/FFP2 mask users, 44.3% of glove users, 36.1% of surgical mask users, and 22.9% of hair cap users reported skin reactions, with acne (n = 34) being the most common. Identified fungal isolates included Trameteshirsuta, Penicilliumchrysogenum, Aspergillusfumigatus, Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., Pichiafermentans, and the dermatophyte Microsporumferrugineum. Antifungal susceptibility tests revealed 47.6% resistance to fluconazole and 76.2% resistance to voriconazole (n = 16). This study provides the first institutional data on PPE-associated fungal infections and antifungal resistance in healthcare settings. These findings highlight the dermatological risks of prolonged PPE use. To mitigate these effects, healthcare institutions should prioritize high-quality materials, establish optimal usage guidelines, and provide continuous training on self-protection.